PEER LEARNING AND FEEDBACK THROUGH THE CDIO FRAMEWORK IN ENGINEERING EDUCATION

This paper examines how peer learning, knowledge sharing, and peer feedback can be systematically embedded in CDIO-based engineering education through an industry-integrated learning environment. The study presents theFIRMA, a project-based learning environment at Turku University of Applied Sciences, where student teams work on real ICT projects for internal and external industry clients. Grounded in the CDIO framework, theFIRMA integrates professional practice with academic learning through structured project processes, flexible participation, and multi-layered peer learning. The paper describes how mixed-level project teams, student-lead roles, peer-based quality assurance, and student-led Tech Clubs support active learning, integrated skill development, and continuous feedback in line with CDIO Standards 7 and 8. Particular attention is given to how peer learning and knowledge sharing are enabled across different competence levels, supporting both junior and senior students while mirroring professional engineering work practices. Lessons learned from the long-term implementation highlight the effectiveness of mixed-level teams, the importance of structured documentation for knowledge transfer, and the need for curricular integration to sustain peer-led activities. The findings suggest that combining authentic industry projects with structured peer learning and feedback mechanisms creates a learning environment that supports technical competence, professional skills, and readiness for working life. The paper contributes to a practical CDIO-aligned model that can inform the design of scalable, industry-collaborative learning environments in engineering education.